Crazy Horse/USD academic partnership

Crazy Horse Memorial will be home to Native education programs

By Carol BerryAt the invitation of the Crazy Horse Memorial Foundation, “Crazy Horse will become a satellite affiliate of the University of South Dakota,” Jack Marsh, of the foundation’s board of directors, said in recent remarks for Native American Day at the memorial.

“USD will hire special faculty, write curriculum, and teach preparatory and college-level courses to Native students,” he said. “The Crazy Horse/USD academic partnership will begin as a summer program.

“Initially, Native students, attending other schools and colleges during fall, winter and spring will reside at Crazy Horse for the summer and become temporary students of the University of South Dakota,” said Marsh, who is the founding director of USD’s American Indian Journalism Institute.

The students will divide their time between classroom and workplace, earning college credit for USD-taught classes and receiving income from jobs and paid internships provided by Crazy Horse. Eligible Native students will receive tuition scholarships from the foundation.Comment:  For more on the subject, see Native American Day at Crazy Horse Memorial and Students Perform at Crazy Horse Memorial.

Pix of the tribal summit

Lise Balk King's Photos--White House Tribal Leaders Conference, Nov. 5, 2009

U.S. Department of the Interior's photostream

National Indian Education Association's Photos--White House Tribal Nations Conference

ICT Photo Slideshow:  White House Tribal Nations Conference

Comment:  For more on the subject, see Intro to Tribal Summits.

Washington DC '09 trip (Day 2)

Continuing the report begun in Washington DC '09 trip (Day 1):

After dozing for maybe an hour, I got up for my fun-filled day of sightseeing.

First I went to the Dept. of Agriculture, where I met my contact Richard Regan. I was in time to see Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack speak to an audience of tribal leaders. Then we checked the auditorium where I'd be speaking the next day.

Then I headed off for a long day of walking the National Mall. I went by the Holocaust Museum, but it hadn't opened yet. I circled the Tidal Basin to see the Jefferson Memorial and Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. Back on the Mall, I took in the National WW II Memorial.

Then I retraced my steps to the Dept. of Agriculture and continued to the National Museum of the American Indian. I had a chipotle chicken taco in the Mitsatim cafe. I left a message with Indian Country Today reporter Rob Capriccioso, who supposedly was visiting the NMAI also, but couldn't connect. So I toured the permanent exhibits--Our Universe, Our Lives, Our People--and the special Brian Jungen: Strange Comfort exhibit.

It was getting late in the afternoon, but I had enough time to look through the ground floor of the National Air and Space Museum. I don't think I'd been there since 1976. Finally I toured the Hirshhorn Museum's sculpture garden because I love public art.

I was supposed to meet Ruth, an old Internet friend, for dinner, but I took the wrong Metro train and ended up in a bad part of town. No problem: I took another train back and then got on the right train. Ruth and I walked to the well-reviewed Enjera, an Eritrean restaurant, but it was boarded up. So we had a decent meal at the Ethiopian restaurant across the street before heading our separate ways.

I ended up taking more than 600 photos that day--a new record for me. My feet were sore, but the day was good. Fourteen hours straight of seeing and doing things is my idea of living life to the fullest.

To learn what happened at the USDA meeting, see USDA on Discrimination Case:  Working on It. For more on the subject, see Speaking on Stereotypes at the Capital.

Stereotypical Massasoit statue returns

Statue of Indian leader returning to Capitol

By Marc HaddockMassasoit returns to the state Capitol grounds this week.

Cyrus Dallin's sometimes controversial statue of the Wampanoag Indian leader who is credited with saving the Pilgrims during their early days at Plymouth, Mass., will be reinstalled at an official ceremony Thursday at 11 a.m.

And while some have complained that it's inappropriate to have a statue honoring a Massachusetts Indian leader on display in front of Utah's Capitol when the state has plenty of homegrown American Indians who deserve recognition, Judith McConkie, Utah's Capitol curator, said the work by one of Utah's most famous artists deserves its honored place because of the historic nature of the statue as well as the individual it portrays.And:His sculptures of American Indians are among his best known work, and a 9-foot 3-inch statue of Massasoit was placed in Plymouth in 1921 to commemorate the 300th anniversary of a peace treaty the pilgrims negotiated with the "Great Sachem of the Wampanoags."

The following year, Dallin presented the original plaster cast to his home state, where it was placed indoors because, as Horne wrote, "One month's rigor of winter weather would crumble it back into clay, but sheltered under the great dome of the capitol it will last indefinitely."

The artist felt that the statue of a Massachusetts Indian represented Utah Native Americans, as well.

"In setting up this man of peace, who saved the Plymouth Colony, I have a hope … that I might model the old Chief Washakie, of the Shoshones, who, too, was a man of peace; and he wielded as potent and saving an influence over the first Pioneers, 'a thousand miles from nowhere,' as ever did Massasoit over the Pilgrims," Horne quotes Dallin as saying.Comment:  I've covered this story before, but let's reiterate the key points:

Dallin gave Utah the original plaster cast, not a bronze statue. Someone in Utah decided they needed their own Massasoit statue, so they used the cast to create one.

In other words, the Utahns weren't preserving a great work of art despite it stereotypical nature. They created a duplicate statue because they were proud of its stereotypical nature.

If the statue is so great and wonderful, the Utahns can honor it by putting it in a museum with a plaque explaining the controversy and the stereotypes. Putting it on display on Utah's capital grounds is essentially thumbing their noses at the critics. "Our pride in Dallin's stupid stereotypes is more important than your desire for cultural accuracy. We'd rather honor a white man's fantasy about Natives than Utah's actual Natives."

According to Dallin, Chief Washakie of the Shoshones was similar to Chief Massasoit of the Wampanoags. In other words, all Indians are basically the same and it doesn't matter which one we honor.

Really? Two hundred years and two thousand miles apart and one can substitute for the other? That's like saying Chief Washakie fought for peace and Q'orianka Kilcher fought for peace, so let's raise a statue of Kilcher to symbolize Utah's Indians.

This is bad enough, but the curator seems to have bought this "argument." Hello? Is anyone in Utah thinking critically about this issue? Or are you all trying to find rationalizations to justify this stereotypical depiction of Indians?

For more on the subject, see:

Rob vs. Curator on Massasoit Statue
Defending Cyrus Dallin
Massasoit the Noble Savage
Massasoit Statue in Utah

Below:  Massasoit the half-naked stand-in for Washakie and a statue of Washakie.

Greedy Jews and noble savages

The Racialicious blog brings another good posting to our attention. This one is about the "positive" stereotype of the miserly Jew, but it also applies to the "positive" stereotype of the noble Indian savage.

A controversy started when two South Carolina Republicans wrote a response to a previous newspaper item:Recently your newspaper published a letter from state Rep. Bakari Sellers attacking U.S. Sen. Jim DeMint and his opposition to congressional earmarks.

There is a saying that the Jews who are wealthy got that way not by watching dollars, but instead by taking care of the pennies and the dollars taking care of themselves. By not using earmarks to fund projects for South Carolina and instead using actual bills, DeMint is watching our nation’s pennies and trying to preserve our country’s wealth and our economy’s viability to give all an opportunity to succeed.Blogger G.D. tells us the problem with this:

Racism as Backhanded ComplimentIn trying to flip the script, those two S.C. Republicans miss the point that their “compliment” starts from a position that the money-hungry, penny-pinching Jew stereotype is true and valid. Trying to untether that stereotype from this history, as the guy defending these two Republicans does, takes a lot of arrogance, ignorance or both.

If you scratch down just below the surface, you’ll find this kind of Othering in all “good stereotypes.” The well-worn trope about black men being strong and athletic with huge dicks is supposed to be some kind of compliment, even as it directly recalls the myth of violent, animalistic black male sexuality to which so much of America’s long history of racist terrorism has been a response. The “positive stereotype” of the smart Asian is based on the old idea of Asian folks as crafty, untrustworthy possessors of secret knowledge—an idea whose assumed validity makes it easier to round folks up en masse during wartime and shove them into detention camps.Comment:  It's easy to see how this applies to Native people. The "noble savage" is still a savage. There's no way you can spin "savage" as a compliment.

For more on the subject, see Positive Stereotypes Are Negative.

Indian and American sign languages

Native Americans Lecture on Language

By Laura XiaoThe university invited two Native Americans to speak on campus about sign language and how it relates to Native American culture. Steven Burnelle and James WoodenLegs shared their personal stories and history about sign language with the audience. Burnelle is a member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa in North Dakota, and Montana native WoodenLegs is a member of the Northern Cheyenne reservation in New Mexico.

The guest lecturers communicated in both Plains Indian Sign Language and American Sign language. Two translators were present in the front row. Both lecturers also emphasized the importance of the American Sign Language Program (ASL) and how useful it is in today's world. WoodenLegs spoke about the historical aspect of sign language in Native American culture while Burnelle spoke more about ASL. Through the translator, WoodenLegs expressed how sign language is not the only aspect of Native American culture people should be informed about. He stressed the importance of learning about the history of many different cultures.Comment:  Intersting, but if you go by this article, there's no actual connection between the two sign languages.

Nike shoes aid Native youth sports

Nike Introduces N7 Collection

Profits from the Collection Help Support Access to Youth Sport in Native American CommunitiesThis weekend Nike (NYSE:NKE) will debut the Nike N7 Collection, a select range of performance footwear designed with the environment and the future of Native American communities in mind. The N7 Collection will be sold exclusively through 33 Nike Factory Stores in the U.S. and via www.nike.com, with a portion of the profits going to the N7 Fund, which supports youth sport in Native American communities.

"For more than 10 years Nike has worked closely with Native American communities to provide support through product innovations specific to the needs of Native Americans and by providing grants to support sport programs through the N7 Fund," said Sam McCracken, General Manager of Nike's Native American Business. "With the introduction of the N7 Collection, consumers now have the ability to be their own agents of change, as the profits from their purchase will help young people in Native American communities realize their potential through sport."

The N7 Collection was created through the lens of Considered Design where products are engineered for higher performance and lower environmental impact.

The N7 Collection features the N7 Air Pegasus+ 26, the N7 Huarache, as well as the N7 SMS RT for preschool and toddler sizes.Comment:  For more on the subject, see The Nike Shoe Research and Nike Shoe Is Racist?

Below:  "The new Nike N7 Air Pegasus+ 26 was created through the lens of Considered Design where products are engineered for higher performance and lower environmental impact, as well as designed with Native American inspired details and graphics that tie the shoe back to the N7 Collection." (Photo: Business Wire)

Studi challenges stereotypical roles

Western union:  ‘Only Good Indian’ explores cultural history through revisionist drama

By Jon NiccumCalling from his home in New Mexico, where he is spending the afternoon riding horses, Studi says he is conscientious when first reading a script that it represents native culture accurately.

“I pay attention to that almost automatically,” he says. “I don’t make a huge point of it, but on the other hand, if I see huge discrepancies that I feel are over the line I’ll definitely do something about it. I want to keep things as authentic as possible, especially if we’re describing a particular people.”

Has he turned down roles if depictions were inauthentic?

“Perhaps if they were insensitive, yes,” he says.Comment:  We've talked before about whether Adam Beach can or should turn down stereotypical roles (e.g., Blue Duck in Comanche Moon). Now we have evidence that a Native actor can and does turn down stereotypical roles. Apparently he doesn't carp about minor mistakes and stereotypes, but he objects to major ones.

Needless to say, Studi's candor isn't preventing him from working often. I conclude that all Native actors should try to take a stand on Hollywood mistakes and stereotypes--at least the "huge discrepancies."

Below:  Wes Studi stars in "The Only Good Indian" by Lawrence filmmaker Kevin Willmott. (Tyler Carmody Photo)

Washington DC '09 trip (Day 1)

After sleeping only two hours Sunday night, I couldn't get to sleep at all Monday. Too much anxiety over my upcoming trip.

At 4:30 am I headed to the airport. One good thing about getting up that early is that the place is almost empty. My only complaint is that LAX doesn't have free Wi-Fi. They have it, but they charge you for it.

My flight to Washington (with a stop in Chicago) was smooth and uneventful. Richard Regan, the diversity specialist at the Department of Agriculture who invited me, met me at the airport. We took the Metro train back to L'Enfant Plaza, and I checked into my hotel. Then we had something to eat at Vie de France, a nearby sandwich shop.

I learned Regan, who seems like a good ol' Southern boy as well as a Lumbee Indian, is a real rabble-rouser. He files grievances and helps others do the same whenever discrimination breaks out at the USDA. He's kind of like I would be if I worked in a government agency--except I couldn't play politics well and would get fired quickly.

Then I took the Metro to Dupont Circle and walked to the NCAI's new embassy building on P St. Although the festivities were almost over, the building was still packed. Among the notables I saw were Billy Frank, Ernie Stevens Jr., Mark and Holly Cook Macarro, and Lise King. Eventually the crowds thinned out and I headed back to the Metro and my hotel.

For more on the subject, see Speaking on Stereotypes at the Capital.

The previous tribal summit

Tribes look back to move forward:  Obama's monumental challenge in Indian Country

By Lise Balk King
The Native Voice
Special to Pechanga.netPresident Bill Clinton issued his executive Memorandum on Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Government (April 29, 1994), which set guidelines for consultation and a system for government-wide implementation, throughout all agencies.

Loretta Avent, Deputy Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs and the first-ever official tribal liaison to the White House, organized the Clinton tribal meeting at the White House in 1994. All federally recognized tribes were invited, and over 200 leaders attended. It was the first such meeting, and the last, until Obama's Tribal Nations Conference.And:Lynn Cutler, who served as the first-ever tribal liaison in the White House as Deputy Assistant to President Clinton for Intergovernmental Affairs, explained what it took to implement the mandates of Clinton's 1994 executive order. She said, "This was the period that tribes started to get politically active…I began to really push it with my colleagues, and develop relationships with (Departments of) Interior and Justice. We formed a working group and there were quarterly meetings. Gradually, by being a terrible nag, I was able to help the senior staff understand why we needed to be involved in Indian Country."Comment:  For more on the subject, see Intro to Tribal Summits and Obama to Hold Tribal Summit.

Embassy = early warning system

Embassy Dedicated in Advance of Conference

By Victor MerinaCiting the painful historical dealings with the federal government, she said the new embassy was needed as a place where tribal leaders can work together on issues—and where they can learn about potentially damaging legislation or policies so they could find ways to avert them.

During her prayer, Ransom praised the NCAI staff and said one of the benefits of having a tribal embassy is so staff members can "notify the nations when unfavorable elements are planned in D.C."

Afterward, when asked what she meant, she spoke of budget cuts from past administrations and damaging inserts to bills on Capitol Hill, placed during "midnight meetings," that have harmed Native people.

"When Indian chiefs came a long time ago to the White House, they would be treated tin grand style and be appeased and then just leave town," she said. "Not anymore."Comment:  For more on the subject, see NCAI to Open Embassy of Tribal Nations and NCAI Moves to Embassy Row.

Below:  "Alma Ransom of the Mohawk Bear Clan led the blessing of the new Embassy of Tribal Nations on Tuesday, Nov. 3." (Reznet photo by Victor Merina)

Spooky stuff in Depp's Lone Ranger

Johnny Depp Still Attached to Play Tonto in Lone Ranger Movie

The legendary masked avenger of the old west gets a Pirates remake, with Jack Sparrow riding shotgun!"Elliot and Rossio worked on that also with some other writers and with Johnny. So they're creating something that has a kind of true-to-the-western [feel], but adding other additional elements like we did with Pirates so it won't be just a straight-ahead western."

Those "additional elements" are rumored to be the inclusion of supernatural phenomenon, according to some reports.Comment:  A Western with Indian shamans, spirits, and burial grounds? That's been done only about a thousand times already.

I'm still getting the impression this movie will reinforce more stereotypes than it busts. For more on the subject, see Native Things That Go Bump in the Night and The Lone Ranger.

How traditional Cherokee women dress

In response to Anonymous, who thinks traditional Cherokee women may have looked like Liv Tyler in a Pocahontas costume, here's the proof:









Hmm. No feathers or leathers in any of these outfits, Anonymous. We're still waiting for you to provide the first shred of evidence that Tyler's costume isn't a pure stereotype.

Do you understand now why her costume is wrong, buddy? Or are you too dense to grasp the evidence in front of your face?

You're now losing the debate 14 examples to zero. I suggest you give up before I put my foot even further upside your butt.

For more on the subject, see Tricking or Treating Indians.

Afro-Aboriginal in chief's headdress

Black American Indians reach for untold story

Afro-Aboriginals reclaiming rich multi-ethnic roots

By Judy MastersonA group of black Americans interested in exploring their American Indian roots has formed a group called the Northern Illinois Afro-Aboriginals.

"The African Native American is a story that's not told," said Ali Albakri, a founding member and managing editor of Lake County Arts magazine, who heard from a cousin that his family tree includes members of the Blackfoot tribe.

The idea for the group came from Joe Russell, 54, of Waukegan, a substitute teacher. Russell's birth mother, Tienna Evans, was a full-blooded Arapaho, he said, and his birth father was black. Russell, who was adopted, has struggled to learn the facts of his heritage, and he has struggled for acceptance as a bi-racial, multi-ethnic person in a culture that is just beginning to embrace multiculturalism.

"Being racially mixed means, to some groups, that I'm diluting blood lines," he said. "But I'm equal parts both.

The Afro-Aboriginals sponsored a booth during a downtown Waukegan Juneteenth celebration last summer, and members have attended the annual end-of summer powwow in Zion organized by a committee of Potawatomi.

In celebration of his Arapaho heritage, Russell has taken the tribal name Angshe B'neshe Tienna, or Lone Hawk Touched by the Sun. Elders from the Northern Arapaho band recently presented him a warrior's bonnet, and he has been declared a Winkta, a "two-spirited" tribal "mediatrix between the voice of the people and the ear of the divine."Comment:  If the Northern Arapaho gave Russell the name and the warbonnet, I guess he has the right to use them. But this use smacks of insecurity to me. If you're sure of yourself, what does it matter if you're named "Joe Russell" or "Lone Hawk Touched by the Sun"? Unless you're receiving an award or meeting the president, why do you need to wear a headdress?

Regardless of the external trappings, you either are or aren't an Indian. If you aren't one, the impressive name and headdress won't make you one. Therefore, don't emulate someone's (stereotypical) idea of what it means to be an Indian. Just be yourself.

For more on the subject, see Preview of IndiVisible and "Actual Indian" Defined.

Below:  "Joe Russell of Waukegan, wearing a war bonnet, is a member of the Northern Illinois Afro-Aboriginals, which promotes black-American Indian identity reclamation." (Thomas Delany Jr./News-Sun)

Intro to tribal summits

To Form a More Perfect Union:  Tribal nations and the United States meet at summit

By Lise Balk King
The Native Voice
Special to Pechanga.netThey have come by horse, train, car and bus, wagons and airplanes. They have swallowed pride and accepted harsh realities…and in the name of the very survival of their people, some have even walked countless miles, with families left behind for months and years…in the pursuit of petitioning the Great White Father in the Great White House.

The history of Indian tribal leaders taking their concerns to the President goes back all the way to George Washington. It covers virtually every administration since the founding fathers pledged to "form a more perfect union." Presidents have also petitioned tribes, through delegations and treaties, to address the wishes and concerns of the federal government in the name of Manifest Destiny and the best interests of Americans.

So it is not without precedence that Obama has scheduled a White House Tribal Nations Conference with leaders invited from all 564 federally recognized tribes November 5 at the Department of the Interior. President Bill Clinton hosted the first such meeting at the White House in 1994. It is, however, without equal in its potential for progress in US-tribal relations and affairs.

In reality, US-tribal relations were founded in genocide, stoked by warfare, crippled by broken treaties, and almost severed by the Termination policies of the 1950s. There is also precedence, therefore, for Indians' deep lack of trust in the promises made by presidents and their representatives.

But this historic event is less of a petitioning as it is a meeting at a common point in the road.

Off to Washington DC '09

I'm off to give my presentation at the Dept. of Agriculture Thursday. I'll be gone from before sunrise Tuesday (yawn) till mid-day Friday. I hope to see the NCAI's tribal embassy, the National Museum of the American Indian, other museums and monuments on the Mall, and Obama's tribal summit.

Here's the intro I wrote for my talk:In Hollywood, Native American actors talk about getting "feathers and leathers" roles. In other words, being cast as stereotypical savages who wear buckskin outfits and headdresses, who maim and kill, who have no redeeming virtues. Today we're going beyond feathers and leathers, to separate the myths from the reality, and learn more about yesterday's and today's Indians.As always, stay tuned for my reports and pictures. Wednesday could be a new world record in terms of number of photos taken and posted.

For more on the subject, see Rob Unqualified to Discuss Stereotypes?!

Below:  A half-naked Indian chief hides behind "America" on the George Gustav Heye Center building, an NMAI satellite, in Manhattan.

Indian Head Test Pattern

Indian Head test cardThe Indian Head Test Pattern was a black and white television test pattern which was introduced in 1939 by RCA of Harrison, New Jersey as a part of the RCA TK-1 Monoscope. Twentieth century television later became so important socially that this purely technical electronic instrument (covertly identified as a branded industrial product) became a historical cultural icon of television's early days as a mass medium. Its name comes from the original art of a Native American featured on the card.

As television broadcasting ritual

The Indian Head Test Pattern became familiar to the large post-war Baby Boom TV audiences in America from 1947 onwards; it would often follow the formal television station sign-off after the United States national anthem. The Indian Head was also used in Canada, following the Canadian national anthem sign-off in the evening. This test pattern was later used by Venezuelan TV channel Venevision, in conjunction with the RMA Resolution Chart 1941, in the mid and late 70s before the Venezuelan anthem (Gloria al bravo pueblo).

The Indian Head pattern could variously be seen: after sign-off but while the station was still transmitting; while transmitting prior to a typical 6 AM formal sign-on; or even during the daylight morning hours on newer low budget stations, which typically began their broadcast day with midday local programs around 10 or 11 AM.

As cultural icon

An actual Indian Head Test Card, the pattern as printed on art-grade white cardboard, was only of secondary importance to television system adjustment, but many of them were saved as souvenirs, works of found art, and inadvertent mandalas.

The original art work was completed for RCA by an artist named Brooks on August 23, 1938. The master art was improbably discovered in a dumpster by a wrecking crew worker as the old RCA factory in Harrison, NJ was being demolished in 1970. The worker kept the art for over 30 years, and then used the Internet to locate and sell it to a test pattern collector.

Television appearances

The test card is perhaps best recalled by some baby boomers for its brief albeit iconic part in the opening sequence of The Outer Limits (1963-1965).

In the series Futurama, the Indian test card is seen with the Native American head being replaced by that of a Native Martian from the series.

A parody with a laughing Indian was the logo for the first season of Second City Television.

Film appearances

In the 2008 animated film Justice League: The New Frontier the Martian Manhunter learns about American pop culture by watching television; he morphs into several characters, ending with the Indian as the station announces that it's going off the air. This is in keeping with the era in which most of the film is set: the 1950s. The card itself appears later in the story as a Please Stand By notice after The Flash briefly commandeers a television station.

In the 2009 film Watchmen the test card is on a monitor in the control room of the television station in which Dr. Manhattan is interviewed in an alternate history 1985.

Other appearances

On Cheech and Chong's Big Bambu album, at the beginning of a long sketch spoofing TV shows, Cheech drops by Chong's pad and asks what he's watching. Chong replies, "I don't know, it's a movie about Indians, but it's really boring." Cheech says, "Hey man, that's not a movie, man. That's a test pattern, man!" Chong answers, "Far out." A test tone is audible in the background.

A parody of this test card appears in the computer game Streets of SimCity for 5 seconds before going to the main menu.

The test card makes an appearance as a loading screen in the game Fallout, and a reappearance in Fallout 3.

The Indian Head Test Pattern!Many have asked, YES, I am still offering these patterns for sale. I have thousands of them, and all you have to do is place your order.

I acquired the original artwork in 2004. It was found in a dumpster in the old RCA Tube Manufacturing building in Harrison NJ. I have the master hand drawn artwork for the Indian Head Test Pattern and the Indian Head. I had the artwork professionally restored to the way it looked in 1938.A posting about the NEW FRONTIER sequence mentioned above:

A Year of Cool Comic Book Moments--Day 303

Comment:  I couldn't find anything on the actual Indian in the test pattern. Why did Brooks draw an Indian? Whose idea was it: his or RCA's? Did he use a model? What was the Indian supposed to symbolize? The great and noble history of RCA, perhaps? Or was it just somebody's idiosyncratic choice?

For more on the subject, see TV Shows Featuring Indians.

Tonto's son the minister

Silverheels has gift to reach, touch, heal

By Amanda GreeneChief Steve Silverheels has Seneca/Mohawk Iroquois heritage from his father, Jay Silverheels who played Tonto in the TV series "The Lone Ranger." He has Jewish heritage from his mother.

He attended a synagogue in New York as a young boy and later went to a Catholic school. Then he spent his young adulthood mostly rejecting religion.

Some who find themselves in such diverse spiritual company might struggle with what to believe.

But the Star-News of Wilmington reported that the 69-year-old Wilmington resident and itinerant Christian minister believes God or The Great Creator made his choice for him in 1974.

"I was an alcoholic and a drug addict after I got out of the Army," he said. That year, after returning to his Florida apartment from a night of hard drinking, Silverheels had what he calls "a visitation from the Lord. And I knew it was my last warning."Steve Silverheels's connection to the Lone Ranger:Sitting in his Kings Grant home surrounded by Native American ceremonial artifacts including drums, an intricately carved eagle flute and a leather sack labeled "Sage Do not eat!" Silverheels chuckled.

"Some people say this is a museum," he said, gesturing to his full floor-to-ceiling bookshelves with "Lone Ranger" memorabilia and his wife's collection of lighthouse paintings.And:His videographer, Stan Atamanchuk, said he appeals to people in similar ways as his father did in "The Lone Ranger."

"Tonto finds the near dead Ranger and with "Good Samaritan" care nursed him back to health. This is one of the gifts God has bestowed on Chief Silverheels, to reach, to touch, to bless. His audiences are attracted to his healing prayers and touch," he wrote in an e-mail.Comment:  For more on the subject, see Stupidity in Enter the Lone Ranger and Fetching in Enter the Lone Ranger.

Below:  Chief Steve Silverheels and his wife Katherine. (Photo from www.chiefsilverheels.org)

Nazca cut trees, other Natives didn't

Peru's Nazca culture was brought down with its trees

Deforestation left nothing to hinder ancient floodwaters on the desert plain, researchers find. Modern Peru could learn from the civilization's collapse, they say.

By Thomas H. Maugh IIThe Nazca people of Peru--famous for their huge line drawings on an arid plateau that are fully visible only from the air--set the stage for their demise by deforesting the plain, allowing a huge El Niño-fueled flood to ravage the Ica Valley about AD 500, researchers have found.

"They died out because they destroyed their natural ecosystem," said archaeologist Alex J. Chepstow-Lusty of the French Institute of Andean Studies in Lima, coauthor of a paper in the current issue of Latin American Antiquity. "As the population expanded, they put in too many fields and didn't protect the landscape. The El Niño wiped away society."

Chepstow-Lusty, David Beresford-Jones of the University of Cambridge and their colleagues used pollen in the soil to trace the horticultural history of the valley, revealing environmental depredation.Comment:  In one sense, this is good news. The Nazca unwisely deforested the plain without thinking seven generations ahead. They didn't know the huge El Niño rains were coming. Because of their sheer ignorance, they suffered the consequences.

This is notable because it's the exception that proves the rule. Unlike Western cultures, which routinely deforested the land they "settled," Native cultures usually lived within their means. That the Nazca deforested their land is newsworthy because most Native cultures didn't.

For more on the subject, see Ecological Indian Talk.

Below:  "In the Ica Valley, about 120 miles south of Lima, 'the wind has blown away the topsoil,' one researcher said, 'so that features such as canals that were once cut into the landscape are now standing up above it, preserved in hard calcite.'" (Alex Chepstow-Lusty)

No people, just Indians, in Little House

Educator Debbie Reese writes again about Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie. Someone wrote to Wilder requesting a change in the text and Wilder approved it.

Edit(s) to 1935 edition of LITTLE HOUSE ON THE PRAIRIE?

Here's the before:There the wild animals wandered and fed as though they were in a pasture that stretched much farther than a man could see, and there were no people. Only Indians lived there.And the after:There the wild animals wandered and fed as though they were in a pasture that stretched much farther than a man could see, and there were no settlers. Only Indians lived there.Comment:  Even "settlers" isn't quite right, since the Indians were already settled there. If Wilder wanted to distinguish between Indians and others, she should've written "white people."

It's great that Wilder and publisher agreed to make the change. It's ridiculous that Wilder wrote the line originally and no one noticed it for 20 years. It's a great example of the unconscious racism that pervades our culture.

For more on the subject, see The Best Indian Books.