June 25, 2009

Too many Indians, or not enough?

In Calif. Tribes Are "Highly Questionable"? I rebutted the main argument of Jim Marino. Now he's back with another anti-Indian screed that need rebutting.

Who Is a Native American Indian?

By Jim MarinoThe basic answer to what appears to be a simple question is that an “Indian” is whoever the particular tribe says is an Indian. Now any person can claim to be part Indian, just as many say they are part Irish on St. Patrick’s Day.This is an excellent example of a non sequitur. Tribes determine who's an Indian...true. Any person can claim to be an Indian...true, but irrelevant. It doesn't matter what people claim since, as Marino just stated, tribes determine who's an Indian.

I guess Marino is implying some sort of linkage. I.e., if anyone can claim to be an Indian and a tribe buys the claim, the tribe will make the person an Indian whether he is one or not. But the key link in this chain of "reasoning" doesn't exist. Tribes don't buy the claims of just anyone. They accept people only if they meet the tribe's strict criteria.More and more people are laying claim to be “Indian” or part Indian often with the hope of cashing in on the huge profit distributions in per capita payments paid out to tribal members of federally acknowledged Indian tribes, bands or communities with casinos.True but irrelevant, again, since tribes determine who's an Indian. What non-Indians claim has no bearing on tribes' enrollment decisions.Typically, there are controlling families within tribal groups who hold sway over membership issues.

There are several recognized groups of California “Indians” who have only one, two or perhaps a handful of members. So any new members admitted are often family members of existing members.
Yes, that's true in some cases. So what? Before, Marino was implicitly arguing that tribes were letting in anyone who claimed to be an Indian. Now he's arguing that some tribes are too strict--letting in only family members and excluding other verifiable Indians.

Since these are two radically different arguments, which is it? Does Marino even realize that he's stupidly shifted arguments in the middle of his screed?

"Wannabe" Indians?These federal Indian policies have created no shortage of hardship and injustice to real Indians and no shortage of corruption by those “wannabe” Indians trying to scam the system now that gambling casinos are here.Which "wannabes" are those? Marino has yet to outline a method by which a tribe that determines its own membership would accept a "wannabe" claimant. Nor has he given a single example of this happening in reality.

In case you haven't noticed, Marino is dissembling to manipulate his readers. He talks about wannabes claiming to be Indians and then leaps to wannabes actually being recognized as Indians. But he doesn't give us the slightest reason to take a leap of illogic with him.A classic example of the potential for abuse of this federal “hands off” policy is the re-creation of a tribe calling itself the Mashantucket Pequote tribe. The founder, “Skip” Hayward, was able to trace a 1/34 ancestry to an old Indian woman living on an abandoned Pequote reservation near Ledyard, Conn. Jeff Benedict recounts the incredible story of how Hayward parlayed that connection into the billion dollar-a-year casino called Foxwoods, in his expose book titled “Without Reservation” (HarperCollins 2000).It's "Pequot," not "Pequote," dummy. And ancestry is calculated by powers of two (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, etc.) There's no such thing as having 1/34th ancestry.

So much for the accuracy of Marino's research.

I haven't read Without Reservation, but I can rebut some of Marino's arguments. The Mashantucket Pequot case wasn't an example of a tribe recognizing wannabes, since the tribe itself wasn't recognized. If Skip Hayward and his people were wannabes, they were recognized by an act of Congress signed by President Reagan. They proved themselves to our elected officials.

If you don't like what Congress and the president did, pay more attention the next time you vote. But don't waste our time questioning the democratic process. We elected those people to make decisions for us. If you didn't like their decisions, you should've elected someone else rather than whine about the results.

To reiterate, the Pequots were recognized through an act of Congress, a legitimate means of recognition. They played by the rules and were recognized by the rules. So what's the problem?

More to the point, their case is only one example. It doesn't tell anything about the other 560-plus tribes nationwide, including the 100-plus in California. It's basically irrelevant.

Require 1/2 blood quantum?Perhaps it is too simple a solution, but if one is more than 50 percent of a non-Indian ancestry, then they are not Indian for any legal purpose. After all, if one were 7/8ths German and 1/8th Arapaho it hardly seems like you would be “Indian.”Finally, Marino makes it clear how profoundly ignorant he is.

One, tribes have always adopted people of other races and made them Indians. John Ross the "Cherokee Moses" is an excellent example of that. Two, tribal membership is a political decision, not a racial one--as the Supreme Court has ruled. If a tribe chooses to enroll someone who's only 1/8th Indian by "blood," it's the tribe's right.It is a graphic example of how federal Indian policy is so easily manipulated by outside, non-Indian gambling investors seeking to spread casino gambling beyond Nevada and Atlantic City by using the Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act of 1988 and so-called “Indian tribes” as a front.Again, Marino is being stupid or dishonest or both. He's listed exactly one tribe that may be bogus according to his standards: the Mashantucket Pequots. He has yet to identify any other tribes with a problem.

He hasn't even described how recognition could be a problem. The US government has recognized few new tribes recently, and almost none by an act of Congress. It has recognized most of California's tribes for a century or more.

His phony "argument" is as baseless as the argument against gay marriage. If a homosexual couple gets married, does it affect the previous 560 heterosexual marriages? No. If a tribe is wrongly recognized, does it affect the previous 560 tribal recognitions? No.The ugliest side of this federal Indian enrollment policy is the power it puts into the hands of tribal governments and controlling families, because the fear of any disenrollment becomes a weapon to advance tribal corruption and silence members who do not agree with their government or its policies.The ugliest side of Marino's anti-Indian screed is how he keeps shifting arguments and hopes nobody will notice.

Marino's main worry seems to be that tribes are enrolling too many "wannabes." But disenrollment is about removing members who are wannabes. How does removing enrolled wannabes increase the number of enrolled wannabes?!

Even if a tribe disenrolls legitimate members, it doesn't help Marino's argument. Regardless of why members get disenrolled, the tribe becomes smaller, not bigger. This contradicts Marino's claim that tribes are trying to enlarge themselves to get more "welfare and grant monies provided to Indian groups." Duhhh.

The Pechanga caseOne such vivid example here in California occurred at the Pechanga tribe, another massive and profitable gambling casino between Riverside and San Diego. Once boasting about 900 members, in one fell swoop, tribal Chairman Mark Macarro disenrolled an entire extended family, the Gomez family, in a move commonly recognized as an effort to fatten the profits for the remaining members and families.First, let's get the facts straight. Macarro didn't disenroll people, the tribe and its enrollment committee did. I believe the tribe as a whole ratified the decision. If it didn't vote directly on the disenrollment action, it voted indirectly by reelecting Macarro several times.

The only legitimate conclusion is that most Pechanga Indians support the disenrollment action. If they didn't, they'd vote to reverse the decision, or elect someone to reverse it. That they haven't done this signifies their approval.

The move to disenroll people isn't "commonly recognized as an effort to fatten the profits" except by the disenrollees. The tribes doing the disenrolling uniformly say they're expelling people who aren't really Indians. Since these tribes don't open their internal decision-making to public scrutiny, no one can say which side is right.

And again, Marino is shifting arguments. Let's suppose a tribe has disenrolled people because it's greedy. What does this have to do with tribes recognizing wannabes as Indians? Or with wannabes claiming to be and somehow becoming Indians? Answer: Nothing. Marino is talking about three or more unrelated issues and pretending they're one big problem.Locally, the 152 enrolled members of the Chumash collect $45,000 every month in per capita distribution of gambling profits, while the 700 or so descendants of 1/8th or less ancestry get no money at all.Yes...so? Is Marino saying the Chumash tribe is somehow made up of wannabes? No. Is he saying the Chumash should give money to people of 1/8th or less Indian blood? I don't think so. But if he did say that, he'd contradict his argument that too many wannabes without enough blood are profiting from casinos.

You see? This is sheer stupidity. If a tribe keeps wannabes out, it's greedy. If it lets wannabes in, it's greedy. These two arguments are contradictory, but Marino embraces them both. Which proves he has no argument except "gaming is bad" and "Indians are bad."

Marino's real target

Since Marino writes for Santa Ynez Valley Journal, his real target is undoubtedly the Chumash. Problem is that he can't come up with a real argument against them. Is their recognition invalid? No. Have they enrolled any wannabes? No. Have they failed to enroll anyone who's a legitimate Indian? No. Have they disenrolled anyone? No.

Oops. Marino believes that some tribe somewhere has done something wrong. Something to do with recognition...enrollment...wannabes...or something like that. Apparently that means the Chumash must be guilty by association. Because all gaming tribes are corrupt and evil by definition.

I wonder what Marino thinks the Chumash should do. Enroll the people who have 1/8th or less Chumash blood? Disenroll all the present members because they're wannabes? Disband the whole tribe because it's illegitimate? All of the above? Or what, exactly?

I think Marino is jealous because the Chumash are earning a lot of money and he isn't. Well, boo-hoo, you big crybaby. If your ancestors hadn't committed acts of genocide against them, the Indians would own most of the county. They'd be earning $6,840,000 (152 x $45,000) a month by working or leasing their extensive land holdings. Either way, they're getting what they deserve.Most of us remember the millions the tribes and their outside casino investors spent to legalize casinos in California, and their main argument was how it would get all Indians off welfare and make them self sufficient. They never mentioned “enrolled members” only.Another false argument. The tribes that passed Propositions 5 and 1A talked frequently about governing and helping themselves. In this context, "their people" referred to tribal members, not to anyone with a drop of Indian blood. If Marino was too stupid to understand tribal sovereignty, that's his problem, not the Indians'.

And what does helping non-Indians have to do with tribes enrolling wannabes or disenrolling legitimate members? Absolutely nothing. Marino is throwing up every anti-Indian argument he can think of and hoping that one sticks.Unless Congress or the U.S. Supreme Court does something to correct these blatant injustices created by federal Indian policies, then the question of who is and who is not Indian will always be answered, “Whoever the tribe says is Indian.”We still don't know what injustices Marino is talking about. In the Pequot case, he apparently wants the tribe disbanded. I.e., fewer Indians. In the Pechanga case, he apparently wants the tribe to reenroll the disenrollees. I.e., more Indians. In the Chumash case, he apparently wants the tribe to share its wealth with non-Indians. I.e., the same number of Indians, but earning less per person.

So we have three different "problems," none of them proved, with three different solutions. That's what I call stupid.

For more on the subject, see The Facts About Indian Gaming.

Below:  Another racist with views similar to Marino's.

12 comments:

Shonie said...

I'm half Navajo and half German (white). So, can I call myself white? Or can I call my self Navajo? I wonder how that would fly on some federal or state application? Or anything that requires you to state ethnic background? I wonder if there is some sort of legal thing talking about this? Hummm...

Stephen said...

I kinda doubt a lot of Indian casinos have buckets of cash anyway, casinos in attractive states like florida probably do pretty good. But who's going to rush to a casino in - for example - Minnesota?

Anonymous said...

Just a few random thoughts:

1. The Santa Ynez Valley Journal, was CREATED with the intent of criticizing the Santa Ynez Chumash and their casino. Please see the Capitol Weekly article, which also covers Marino's history with the Chumash: http://www.capitolweekly.net/article.php?xid=wnom5curnq8t6b Chairman Armenta's also wrote a follow-up called "Gonzo Journalism gone wild."

2. Marino's poorly written article hints at a serious problem that you didn't really address. When members or non-members disagree with the family in control of enrollment (and usualloy general council as well), there is nobody to objectively arbitrate. People who will profit from the decision are really the only ones making it. The BIA can give their opinion, but ultimately must go along with whatever the family in charge wants to do. This is why the USA set up the Senate, so that big states (compare to families) cannot simply muscle around the small states by their sheer population. Do tribes have that kind of balance?

3. Actually, 1/34 is possible if you are rounding to the nearest two-digit combination. For example, a 1/32 and a 3/64 make a somewhat clumsy 5/128. 1/34 is the closest two-digit fraction, and is easier to understand for an average reader. I suspect that's where the figure came from, but if so, he should have stated the correct figure or qualified it as an approximation.

4. I believe those fractions are silly anyway. They are based on unreliable, inconsistent census data and in no way account for the depth of the person's tie to the tribe's heritage or its past hardships. It's easy to say "there's no better system," but it's still rediculous because it's extremely unlikely that one single gr-gr-gr-grandfather, or his accidental ommission/incusion by a census taker had as much effect on a person's life as a HUGE paycheck does.

4. You blasted him for misspelling "Pequot," but you did it yourself! "To reiterate, the Peuots were recognized through an act of Congress..." I'd hold his printed article to a higher standard, but you have to see the irony :-).

5. If I were you, I'd avoid namecalling in your posts. It undermines your intellectual argument.

Anonymous said...

Forgive my numbering errors! 3 & 4a were originally one comment!

dmarks said...

Stephen: I've seen one or two of the Minnesota casinos, and they have produced enough cash to make a difference for their tribes.

They probably get a lot of their business from the Twin Cities. And don't forget there are many from the Chicago area who "rush" to Minnesota for the tourism anyway, aside from just the casinos.

Stephen said...

Good point, but still I kinda doubt that tribal casinos are the cash cows they're made out to be, not that I'm opposed to Indian gaming or anything.

Unknown said...

Stephen: Plenty of people. I live about a half hour away from the nearest reservation and their casino is quite successful. Some people don't want to have to go all the way to Las Vegas.

Stephen said...

Interesting, thanks for the info.

dmarks said...

Stephen: I also went to a reservation (with casino) in the middle of nowhere in North Dakota. This is the empty quarter of the US, really, with no big cities for many hundreds of miles. The casino was indeed a "cash cow", and it made a remarkable and noticable improvement in government services for the reservation.

(This also happened to be a reservation where the federal government came in, in the 1950s, and took much of the best land. The feds promised payment and other services. Which were never delivered.)

I know of many casinos that are cash cows. There might be some that aren't. I just have not heard of them. Rob is much more on top of the gaming industry, so he might know if there are Indian-run casinos that are a liability for the tribe rather than a big asset.

corine said...

I think what bothered me the most about this article is that there is no discussion of Sovereignty. Federally recognized tribes are Nations. These Nations have a Nation to Nation relationship with the States in which they are in and with the United States. These Nations have the rights to outline the citizenship of their members and what they do with their business investments.

Marino, the writer for the original story, seems to be questioning what these Nations do with their investments, yet I question why? Does anyone question the governmental policies of Canada, Mexico, France, England or any other Nation outside of the United States? I am sure all of these other Countries also have issues of citizenship and commerce, yet they don’t seem to be under Marino’s scrutiny.

Anonymous said...

Well now, Rob, if tribes are political communities that can adopt whomever they want and include persons of mixed race (as most do), then it is (as you rudely put it) "stupid" for you to assert that persons who are anti-Indian are racists. Gotta get your story straight -- or not. However, the question logically arises, even if "stupid," whether and for how long Federal Indian policy can ignore that tribes are, in fact, communities based upon race and culture -- and where the racial distinction ceases to be meaningful due to intermarriage, at what point the "tribe" ceases to be such for purposes of a valid classification under the U.S. Constitution. You may not see the imminence of this today, but it will be here before too long, and, no doubt, a California tribe will be the focus.

advocate4all said...

The problem with the attempt to discredit my article is that it is an easy matter in this day and age to determine who is really a bona fide Indian or a person with significant ancestry to entitle them to call themselves "Native American Indians" and thus be enrolled for that reason and not tribal internal politics, cronyism, nepotism and corruption which is rampant now that gambling profits are at stake. That fairly simple solution is called a DNA test. Most tribes, have vehemently opposed such a test for obvious reasons, those in power or who have been utilizing and taking advantaged of the many benefits to tribal recognition and membership might be exposed as not being the right "Indian ancestry" for that tribe or perhaps not "Indian" at all. Your comments about the Cherokee are at best disingenuous and ignorant. The Cherokee, are an example of an attempt to purge out the Afro American slaves who became tribal members and intermarried (some of who have more Indian blood than their current persecutors) have recently undertaken these racist purification efforts to disenroll these "impure" members from membership. I think it is you, to use your favorite insult, that is "stupid" and uninformed!